All tracked objects in Earth orbit · NASA 2024

Space Waste · Technology Stack · R&D Phase

Hardware That
Cleans Orbit

Seven interlocking technology pillars, from RPODU docking systems to directed-energy ablation, engineered for the full spectrum of active debris removal.

Engineering Overview

Built For the Hard Problems

Debris removal is not a single-solution problem. Objects in orbit range from decommissioned 8-ton rocket bodies to sub-centimeter paint flakes traveling at 7.5 km/s. Cooperative satellites with functioning transponders require very different handling than unresponsive, tumbling wreckage. We are building a stack that covers the full threat matrix.

Our technology portfolio is organized into seven pillars, each addressing a distinct class of the orbital debris challenge. They are designed to be modular: individual systems can be deployed as standalone missions or combined into a full-service orbital servicing vehicle.

7Technology pillars
TRL 1–4Current readiness range
6-DOFRelative nav axes
Dual-UseCommercial + defense

System Architecture
TRL 3–4 · Prototype Development

RPODU Platform

Our flagship Rendezvous, Proximity Operations, Docking & Undocking system handles both cooperative and non-cooperative targets. A sensor fusion pipeline blends LiDAR, stereo vision, and IMU data into a real-time 6-DOF relative state estimate that feeds the autonomous GNC controller. The compliant soft-capture docking adapter uses a universal geometry compatible with legacy apogee kick motors, no transponder required.

Navigation6-DOF LiDAR + stereo fusion
Terminal speed<0.1 m/s closure
Standoff range0–200 m autonomous
Target cooperationActive or non-cooperative
GNC6-DOF NavSoft-CaptureLiDAR
TRL 3–4 · Algorithm Validation

AI Navigation Stack

Every GNC loop in the Space Waste architecture is AI-augmented. Deep reinforcement learning agents trained in high-fidelity orbital simulations generate fuel-optimal rendezvous trajectories in real time, adapting to target tumble rates and anomalies. A transformer-based pose estimation pipeline extracts 6-DOF target state from monocular and stereo imagery under the extreme lighting conditions of LEO.

Trajectory plannerDeep RL (PPO / SAC)
Pose estimatorTransformer + FoundPose
Anomaly detectionLLM-assisted mission AI
Sim-to-realDomain randomization
Deep RLCV PoseLLM Mission AI
TRL 2–3 · Concept & Early Prototype

Net Capture System

For large, tumbling, non-cooperative targets (dead satellites, expended upper stages, fragmented hardware), proximity docking is infeasible. Our deployable net launches from 50–150 m standoff, wraps the target in high-tensile UHMWPE mesh, and uses the tether to damp tumble before controlled tow-to-graveyard or active deorbit. Cold-gas ejection propels the net; the tether is available in conductive and non-conductive variants.

Deploy range50–150 m standoff
Net materialUHMWPE / Dyneema SK75
Target mass100 kg – 8,000 kg
TetherConductive + passive variants
Non-CooperativeStandoff CaptureTether ADR
TRL 2 · Theoretical & Lab-Scale

Directed Energy & Lasers

Sub-10 cm fragments are too small to track reliably and too numerous to capture physically. A high-power pulsed laser imparts ablative momentum on debris surfaces, nudging objects onto decaying orbits without physical contact. Operational ranges extend to several kilometers; the system can process hundreds of objects per pass. We are evaluating ground-based vs. orbital deployment architectures and modeling laser-matter interactions for common debris materials.

MechanismPulsed laser ablation
Target size1 cm – 10 cm fragments
RangeUp to several km
DeploymentGround-based or orbital
Laser AblationMomentum TransferSmall-Debris
TRL 3 · Subsystem Development

Satellite Servicing

A satellite running out of propellant should not become debris. Our servicing architecture supports robotic refueling, momentum wheel replacement, solar array inspection, and orbital adjustment, extending asset life by years or decades. The RPODU platform provides the primary interface; modular service arms handle mechanical tasks. We target GEO comms satellites, LEO constellations, and government platforms via OSAM-1, MEV/MRV, and custom legacy interfaces.

ServicesRefuel, inspect, repair, boost
Target orbitsLEO, MEO, GEO
Interface stdsOSAM-1, MEV, custom legacy
Life extension5–15 years typical
Robotic RefuelingLife ExtensionGEO + LEO
TRL 1–2 · Feasibility Study

Orbital Resource Recovery

Every dead satellite is a stranded ore body: aerospace-grade aluminum and titanium, gold-plated electronics, and rare-earth magnets, material that cost $10,000+/kg to put there. DARPA's RPOD program has already demonstrated the terrestrial half of this equation, recovering up to seven critical elements from e-waste at the point of disposal using compact electrochemical methods. We are studying the orbital equivalent: processing captured debris into usable feedstock instead of burning valuable refined mass in the atmosphere. The launch-cost math makes recycled mass in orbit worth more than its weight on Earth.

Terrestrial precedentDARPA RPOD program (2022)
Target materialsAl alloys · Ti · Au · rare earths
Process candidatesElectrochemical separation
Critical-element fraction0.1–5% of e-waste by volume
Circular EconomyISRU-AdjacentLong Horizon
Dual-Use · ITAR-Aware Design

Dual-Use Framework

Autonomous rendezvous, non-cooperative capture, and precision proximity operations are inherently dual-use capabilities. Space Waste engineers ITAR compliance in from day one, not as an afterthought. Parallel commercial and defense development tracks let us serve open-market operators and cleared government customers simultaneously, with full architecture visibility for appropriate stakeholders.

Export frameworkITAR 22 CFR Part 121
Commercial trackEAR99 where possible
Defense trackFull ITAR, DoD prime-ready
Security postureCMMC Level 2 roadmap
CommercialDefenseITAR-AwareCMMC

Development Roadmap

From Lab to Orbit

Near-term focus: TRL 4–5 across RPODU and AI navigation via hardware-in-the-loop testing and parabolic flight campaigns. An in-orbit demonstration mission is targeted within 24–36 months to validate simulation predictions against real on-orbit data. Commercial servicing and ADR contracts are the 48-month horizon. We are actively seeking strategic partners, government customers, and investors who share the urgency of the orbital debris problem.

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